• December 9, 2009, 5:24 PM ET

Why Loan Modifications Are Like ‘Jurassic Park’

Everett Collection

Controlling the dinosaurs in “Jurassic Park” proved difficult.

As he appeared before the House Financial Services Committee Tuesday to discuss the slow progress of government efforts to force lenders to ease payment terms on home mortgages, Anthony B. Sanders was reminded of the movie “Jurassic Park.”

It might be possible to bring dinosaurs back to life, but does that make it a good idea? Similarly, says Dr. Sanders, a professor of real estate finance at George Mason University, it might be possible to slash interest rates on millions of loans, but that doesn’t mean we should.

What if the government’s Home Affordable Modification Program somehow finally gains traction and manages to reduce interest rates to 2% on millions of loans and extend their terms to 40 years? That would just create fresh problems, Dr. Sanders says.

“Our banking industry, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and our Federal Reserve would now be sitting on trillions of dollars of mortgages, many at super-low interest rates and stretched maturities to 40 years,” he writes. Any rise in inflation and interest rates would then slash the value of those mortgages. “When one considers the precarious balance sheets of our lending institutions and our government agencies, we should think very, very carefully about loading up their balance sheets with these mortgages,” he warns, adding:

“Congress and the Administration should bear in mind that it is not just the banks that will suffer, but our pension funds, our own government agencies and the viability of the economy going forward.” Banks would be “stuck with low-interest, long-maturity loans on their books that will prevent them from lending to other borrowers or small businesses for a long, long time.”

The solution, he says, is to encourage financial institutions to sell distressed loans and mortgage securities at big discounts from face value to private investors, who could then restructure the loans on realistic terms related to today’s house prices. Such sales would force banks and other financial institutions to book big losses, but perhaps regulators could allow those losses to be absorbed in stages over five years.

If U.S. financial institutions don’t clean up their balance sheets by shedding dud assets soon, “we will make the Japanese zombie banks look the role model for a healthy financial system,” Dr. Sanders says.

But what about all those borrowers struggling to avoid foreclosure? “The (loan) servicers and financial institutions should be able to modify distressed loans as they see as economically appropriate,” Dr. Sanders says. “After all, these are private market contracts between borrowers and lenders.”

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